Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam have a sizeable presence in the global REE supply chain – now a geopolitical focal point – but although they may have substantial reserves, their REE production levels are still lower than China's.
Five looming decisions in the development finance world could help to mitigate environmental and social risks of transition minerals, write Boston University researchers.
The rise of 'greenhushing' – when companies downplay environmental risks for financial or political reasons – reflects not just changing communications strategies, but rising tensions between competing priorities.