Some members of the United Nations International Maritime Organisation argue that biofuels should be central to the effort to decarbonise the shipping industry but there is nothing sustainable about it.
Despite support for action among local communities to protect biodiverse marine reserves like the Derawan archipelago from poaching, the Indonesian authorities have not allocated sufficient resources to conservation.
Countries which govern half the world's territorial oceans have yet to integrate ocean-focused solutions into their nationally determined contributions, or NDCs, due for an update by February 2025.