While tensions around the Strait of Hormuz are rattling global oil markets, energy security is no longer defined solely by access to fossil fuels. What China has understood, and Europe has not, is that security now depends on electricity systems that can deliver low-cost power at scale and support heavy industry. Oleh Emmanuel Guérin

New research finds urban trees can cut city heat almost in half, though unequal tree cover and rising temperatures mean greening alone will not shield cities from worsening climate extremes. Oleh Rob McDonald, Tirthankar Chakraborty dan Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez

An advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice last year left no doubt that states have a legal obligation to prevent significant harm to the climate system, and that a failure to do so carries legal consequences. Now, a new United Nations resolution seeks to put this ruling into practice. Oleh Ralph Regenvanu

Instead of allowing external powers to dictate their development, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam have balanced strategic international engagement with domestic capacity-building and decision-making. This model has become newly relevant for Canada, the United Kingdom, and other middle powers. Oleh Ashok Lavasa dan Roli Asthana