With the globalisation engine no longer as powerful as it once was, economic growth alone is unlikely to eradicate poverty. One complementary approach is to bolster financial inclusion.
Even though the global economy depends on a stable climate and reliable ecosystem services, businesses and financial institutions are not required or incentivised to invest in nature. Central banks and supervisors could change that trajectory simply by fulfilling their financial-stability mandate.
The Trumpian approach to critical minerals – evident from the United States' interactions with Ukraine – may force Southeast Asia to choose sides. The region needs to look at diversifying its technical partners in the energy sector.