As the world’s biggest climate conference nears in Azerbaijan, observers say little should be expected from a host country that has questionable environmental and human rights credentials. But the talks should not be written off as negotiators work on a deal to compensate climate-vulnerable countries. By Hannah Alcoseba Fernandez

Developing countries like Pakistan must grasp the finance architecture for operationalising loss and damage, as it will be key at the upcoming COP. By Ali Tauqeer Sheikh

Climate change is expected to displace tens of millions of people by mid-century, especially in the Global South. By enhancing international cooperation, we could improve the lives and livelihoods of the displaced and develop sustainable solutions that enable affected communities to rebuild. By Sameh Shoukry and Amy E. Pope

Many campaigners on international financial institutions know from monitoring the multilateral lender's operations that it lacks a "climate culture", as it imposes loans and conditionalities to Global South countries. By Dorothy Grace Guerrero