Nation-states have too much sway over international climate talks, which should give a more prominent role to businesses and other non-state actors to achieve progress, legal scholars say.
Ahead of COP29 talks, campaigners say that a 1.7 to 3.5 per cent tax on the world's top 0.5 per cent could raise US$2.1 trillion a year – double the external climate funds needed by poorer nations – even with potential wealth relocation.
The private sector initiative is taking shape as Malaysia's government prepares to revise its Nationally Determined Contributions. Members include national oil company Petronas, as well as timber and palm oil firms.
Low awareness of the link between heat and eco-anxiety in Indonesia requires a more comprehensive strategy in the campaign.
By
Lucky Susanto and
Grace Wangge