Whereas last year’s United Nations Climate Change Conference tripled the global climate-finance target, this year’s gathering must show how funds will be delivered. Developing countries are doing their part, but their climate strategies cannot succeed without external support. By Syeda Rizwana Hasan

Current macroeconomic frameworks rightly treat climate shocks as threats to fiscal stability, but do not recognise the economic benefits of investing in measures that mitigate their effects. By Pepukaye Bardouille and Mahmoud Mohieldin

Marine conservation brings profound benefits, and Indigenous peoples and coastal communities should play a key role in managing marine protected areas. By Rita Maria El Zaghloul

Countries which govern half the world's territorial oceans have yet to integrate ocean-focused solutions into their nationally determined contributions, or NDCs, due for an update by February 2025. By Ilana Seid